Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD
Adults are usually not diagnosed until they have major problems at home, work or school. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5) is utilized by health professionals to diagnose mental disorders.
A full evaluation includes ADHD symptoms checklists as well as standardized behavior rating scales. Health care professionals will inquire about the family's history and review the school records from the past.
Symptoms
Symptoms of ADHD can impact the lives of a person at school, home, or at work. They can cause issues in relationships and careers, financial difficulties and even a driver's license. They can also cause emotional stress. It's normal for people to have trouble concentrating or staying organized from time time, but if it becomes a chronic problem and interferes with everyday functioning, a medical provider may be able to determine ADHD.
In order to be diagnosed with ADHD the health care professional must evaluate the patient in at least two different environments, such as at home, school or work and social settings. The health care professional has to observe the person for a minimum of six months and determine whether the symptoms are affecting their ability to function. The symptoms must also have begun before the age of 12. Children who meet diagnostic criteria for hyperactivity/impulsivity or inattentive type of ADHD usually are fidgety, talkative and have excess energy that keeps them from sitting still. They have a difficult time waiting for their turn, and frequently interrupt or intrude on others.
Children who suffer from the inattentive form of ADHD are not able to sit or stand at a comfortable pace and have difficulty following instructions or staying on track. They are usually distracted by their thoughts or forgetful, and are easily distracted by their surroundings. They are more likely to be missed and miss out on opportunities to learn, particularly in the elementary school setting, which can set up for failure later on in their lives.
The hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD is most common in children and involves the presence of at least six symptoms that include extreme restlessness, trouble with paying attention, constant movement or "on the go" behavior, excess energy and talkativeness. They have a difficult time waiting for their turn or sitting still. They also have trouble controlling their emotions.
Being diagnosed with ADHD can be a great relief, but it's not always easy to process. People may feel ashamed, but they have to be honest in order that they can get the help they're entitled to. A diagnosis may be the first time that someone realizes that their struggles have a name. This understanding can alter the way they see themselves, which can then result in positive changes.
Diagnosis
ADHD symptoms appear at different times in both adults and children. For kids, they typically begin in elementary school, but for adults, it's later. The symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe. They can also be a combination of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity or more focused on one or the other. In some cases the condition is not properly diagnosed. It could be related to autism or a mood disorder such as depression or anxiety.
If your child or teenager shows signs of ADHD the first step is to talk to your doctor. They will conduct a physical examination, including audio and vision tests to ensure that there is no other issue. They will ask you and your child to fill out a checklist of their symptoms. They will ask what the effects of their symptoms are on their school and family life. They'll also want learn about any previous issues they've experienced.
Adults can be diagnosed with ADHD by a doctor qualified to do so. They will use clinical interviews, behavior rating scales, or symptom checklists. They may also conduct psychological tests to assess your cognitive abilities and discover how you process information and think. They might also do a brain scan using the FDA-approved Neuropsychiatric EEG-Based Assessment Aid (NEBA), which analyzes the activity of specific parts of your brain that control the ability to focus and the ability to be impulsive.
They will also review your medical records to see whether there are any other mental disorders or injuries, like head trauma or thyroid problems which can trigger similar symptoms. They might refer you to a psychiatrist or psychologist for a thorough examination.
You must have at least six symptoms that began in your childhood or before the age of 12. The symptoms must be present for at least 6 months and cause significant problems with your daily functioning. Adults need to meet a lower threshold for diagnosis, however the criteria are the same: You must be suffering from at least five symptoms that cause problems with your social, work and personal life.
Treatment
The aim of treatment is to alleviate symptoms and improve functioning at home, school and work. There are many different treatment options, such as the use of medication and therapy for behavior. Some people have satisfaction by making lifestyle changes like using a planner, a notebook, and scheduling tasks ahead of time. Others may benefit from specific learning disabilities therapies, such as metacognitive training that helps to improve their organizational skills and problem-solving abilities as well as cognitive behavioral therapy to correct thinking distortions that can cause negative moods and low self-esteem.
Health professionals who are specially trained to recognize ADHD can recommend the best treatment plan for a patient's situation. They will evaluate the person's symptoms, and if they are an adult, also their childhood and school experiences. They will use clinical interviewing, behavior rating scales and symptom checklists in order to determine if the individual meets ADHD diagnostic criteria. They may also conduct a family history of mental health problems and physical ailments. They'll ask the person, their parents and teachers about their moods and behaviors and about how they've changed over time.
A diagnosis of ADHD is determined by the presence of six or more signs that start before the age of 12 and cause difficulties in two or more environments (home school, social situations). The symptoms must have been present for at least 6 months. Additionally the symptoms should be significantly more difficult than expected for someone of that age.
A medical checkup is typically performed to make sure that the patient isn't suffering from any other health problems. Doctors will look over the patient's medical and psychiatric records and examine their symptoms. They may also suggest an eye or hearing test. Certain people suffering from ADHD have a genetic predisposition to develop the condition. If the person has a parent or a sibling with ADHD and is a child, they have 91% chance of being diagnosed with the disorder. It is also common to have a comorbid mood or anxiety disorder in conjunction with ADHD. These conditions can be more difficult to treat than ADHD on its own.
Prevention
Many things, such as certain medical conditions, as well as learning disabilities, can cause symptoms similar to those associated with ADHD. It is essential to talk to a mental health professional or a health professional for an assessment prior to making an assessment. The person you see will inquire about the symptoms of your child and how they impact their daily lives. diagnosis for adhd can use checklists or rating scales to determine if your child is ADHD. They could also conduct an examination of the body and test for hearing or visual problems. They may also request an EEG brain scan which evaluates beta and theta wave activity to check on changes in your child’s brain function.
Children who are diagnosed with ADHD must show symptoms that are significantly more than what is normal for their age and development level. Inattention, hyperactivity, and/or an impulsive behavior can create serious problems at home, school or at work. The symptoms should also affect your child's ability to interact with others. If your child has moderate or severe ADHD symptoms and needs treatment, they'll need to be treated with medication in order to live a normal life.
Children suffering from ADHD may find it difficult to follow directions and stay on task which can result in low self-esteem and poor grades. They may also have issues in social relationships because they are unable to recognize social signals. They often interrupt others and appear aggressive or intense. They are susceptible to anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and relationship issues.
Mild ADHD is characterized by symptoms that are apparent but do not affect everyday life. It can which makes it difficult to maintain relationships or work. Those with moderate or severe ADHD have more symptoms and are more likely to experience job-related problems, such as difficulties in keeping jobs, interacting with colleagues or maintaining relationships.
People who don't receive treatment may suffer serious consequences. This could include financial problems as well as health and legal issues. There are a variety of treatments for ADHD that include psychosocial therapy and behavioral therapy, diet and nutrition, exercise, sleeping improvements, and medication. NIMH provides more information about these options and how to discuss these options with your family members.